On-set virtual production

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"Virtual studio" redirects here. For the audio interface standard, see Virtual Studio Technology. For the former film company, see Virtual Studios.

On-set virtual production (OSVP), also known as virtual production (VP), or In-Camera Visual Effects (ICVFX), and often called The Volume, is an entertainment technology for television and film production in which LED panels are used as a backdrop for a set, on which video or computer-generated imagery can be displayed in real-time. The use of OSVP became widespread after its use in the first season of The Mandalorian (2019), which used Unreal Engine, developed by Epic Games.

History[edit]

Australian film director Clayton Jacobson first had the idea of improving the green screen that was then in use, when filming a TV ad for detergent in 2003. Watching his son playing videogames and seeing the 3D technology used in them gave him the idea. Eventually, in 2016, Jacobson and his son made one of the first prototypes for a virtual production stage in their shed, using a set of LED screens. However, he could not get anyone to take an interest in developing the technology further, so gave up on it. Other filmmakers had also caught on to the idea though, and in 2018 an Australian cinematographer, Greig Fraser, used the technology to film the Star Wars franchise spin-off series, The Mandalorian (released 2019). Instead of using the green screen during the filming stage, the team combined post-production with the production stage of the series. They installed huge LED walls linked to powerful computers which ran Unreal Engine gaming software (used for Fortnite, among others). They called this soundstage "the volume", a term already used to refer to a stage where visual effects techniques take place.[1]

Since its inventive use in The Mandalorian, which used ILM's StageCraft, the technology has become increasingly popular. Miles Perkins, industry manager of film and TV for Epic Games and maker of the Unreal Engine, estimated that there were around 300 stages by October 2022, increased from only three in 2019.[2] Most of these were built during or after the COVID-19 pandemic, when lockdowns meant that production studios had to find ways to produce films without travelling to other locations.[1]

In March 2023, the world's largest virtual production stage was opened at the Docklands Studios Melbourne, in the city of Melbourne, Australia.[1]

Terminology[edit]

On-set virtual production (OSVP) is also known as virtual production (VP), In-Camera Visual Effects (ICVFX),[3] or The Volume.[citation needed]

Technology[edit]

With careful adjustment and calibration, an OSVP set can be made to closely approximate the appearance of a real set or outdoor location.[4] OSVP can be viewed as an application of extended reality. OSVP contrasts with virtual studio technology, in which a green screen backdrop surrounds the set, and the virtual surroundings are composited into the green screen plate downstream from the camera, in that in OSVP the virtual world surrounding the set is visible to the camera, actors, and crew, and objects on set are illuminated by light from the LED screen, creating realistic interactive lighting effects, and that the virtual background and foreground are captured directly in camera, complete with natural subtle cues like lens distortion, depth of field effects, bokeh and lens flare. This makes it a far more natural experience that more closely approximates location shooting, making the film-making process faster and more intuitive than can be achieved on a virtual set.[citation needed]

To render parallax depth cues correctly from the viewpoint of a moving camera, the system requires the use of match moving of the background imagery based on data from low-latency real-time motion capture technology to track the camera.[citation needed]

Industry organizations including SMPTE, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the American Society of Cinematographers have started initiatives to support the development of OSVP.[4][5][6][7]

Examples[edit]

Stages that use OSVP include the various StageCraft stages, Pixomondo's Toronto-based LED stage, which has a longterm lease from CBS or Lux Machina various stages.[2] In Japan, the LED wall and virtual production were used by Toei Company for its Super Sentai shows Avataro Sentai Donbrothers[8] and Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger, with the latter also being produced in collaboration with Sony PCL Inc.[9]

As of March 2023 the largest OSVP is at Docklands Studios Melbourne in Australia.[1]

Productions using the technologies[edit]

Television series[edit]

Feature films[edit]

Short films[edit]

  • The Vandal (2021)[41]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Purtill, James (22 March 2023). "Virtual production studios are replacing green screens as world's largest opens in Melbourne". ABC News. ABC Science. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b Giardina, Carolyn (19 October 2022). "Too Much Volume? The Tech Behind 'Mandalorian' and 'House of the Dragon' Faces Growing Pains". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  3. ^ "In-Camera Visual Effects (ICVFX)". www.nepgroup.com. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  4. ^ a b "2021: The On-Set Virtual Production Initiative". www.smpte.org. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  5. ^ "Partnering to Develop Advisory Group of the On-Set Virtual Production (OSVP) Initiative". systemscontractor. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  6. ^ "SMPTE Hollywood To Explore Lighting and Color Science For Virtual Production". SHOOTonline. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  7. ^ "AMPAS Science & Technology Council Presents Virtual Production Primer - The American Society of Cinematographers". theasc.com. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  8. ^ a b VFXアナトミー インカメラVFXによる特撮をTVシリーズで実現！　『暴太郎戦隊ドンブラザーズ』
  9. ^ a b 新番組「王様戦隊キングオージャー」の背景CGがハイクオリティーと話題に　グリーンバックを使わない最新撮影技術とは？
  10. ^ Gartenberg, Chaim (20 February 2020). "How The Mandalorian teamed up with Fortnite creator Epic Games to create its digital sets". The Verge. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  11. ^ Lane, Carly (9 June 2021). "Exclusive: Here's When 'The Mandalorian' Season 3 Is Filming; New Details on 'Book of Boba Fett' Connection". Collider. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Giardina, Carolyn (19 October 2022). "Too Much Volume? The Tech Behind 'Mandalorian' and 'House of the Dragon' Faces Growing Pains". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  13. ^ "ILM STAGECRAFT HONORED WITH ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EMMY® AWARD". Industrial Light & Magic. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  14. ^ Peterson, Karen M. (29 April 2022). "How 'Our Flag Means Death' Designers Mixed History With Broad Theatricality". Variety. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  15. ^ Bui, Hoai-Tran (17 June 2020). "The Obi-Wan Kenobi Disney+ Series Will Use the Same Technology as 'The Mandalorian'". /Film. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  16. ^ a b c "StageCraft | Industrial Light & Magic". www.ilm.com. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  17. ^ Dominguez, Noah (14 November 2022). "Andor Actually Used StageCraft Technology Despite Early Reports". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  18. ^ "HOUSE OF THE DRAGON MAY LOOK TOTALLY DIFFERENT IN SEASON 2 FOR ONE CONTROVERSIAL REASON". Inverse. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  19. ^ "Inside Dark Bay, the spinning LED volume at the heart of Netflix's upcoming '1899'". TechCrunch. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  20. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (28 June 2022). "'Percy Jackson and the Olympians' Takes ILM Virtual Production Route (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  21. ^ "MoTA = @cary_fukunaga". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  22. ^ Fisher, Jacob (24 June 2021). "'The Acolyte' Aiming To Begin Filming In February In London". DiscussingFilm. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  23. ^ "Oblivion". Lux Machina. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  24. ^ Bardini, Julio (14 August 2022). "Industrial Light & Magic's Digital StageCraft Technology: What We Know About the Volume". Collider. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  25. ^ "Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "We had a great time working with Director of Photography Jess Hall on Ghost in the Shell to provide LED green screen replacement for some of the driving scenes in the movie. Contact us for help with any film or television projects! We specialize in capturing realistic environments in camera as part of the visual effects workflow! Pictured: Pilou Asbaek and Scarlett Johansson in Ghost in the Shell from Paramount Pictures and Dreamworks Pictures."". Instagram. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  26. ^ Desowitz, Bill (15 October 2018). "Beyond Christopher Nolan: 'First Man' Redefines In-Camera VFX". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  27. ^ "How Cutting-Edge ILM Technology Brought 'The Mandalorian' to Life". No Film School. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  28. ^ "The Irishman". Lux Machina. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  29. ^ "Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "Congrats to @starwarsriseofskywalker and @theirishmanfilm for the many Oscar nominations this week, including for Visual Effects! We are so grateful to have been a part of both productions. Looking forward to the big night, Feb 5 live at 8e | 5p! . . . . . . #virtualproduction #incameravfx #vfx #film #technology #videoproduction #led #projection #videoscreens #luxmc #luxmachina #consultants #engineers #programmers"". Instagram. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  30. ^ Mike Seymour (21 January 2021). "The Midnight Sky's Virtual Production using StageCraft". Fxguide. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  31. ^ Filippo Magnifico (23 December 2020). "In Vacanza su Marte: il film con Boldi e De Sica realizzato con una tecnologia simile a quella di The Mandalorian". Blog Screenweek. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  32. ^ "The Next Generation of Extended Reality Sounds Stages". Lux Machina. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  33. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (19 October 2020). "'The Batman' Using 'Mandalorian' Virtual Production Techniques". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  34. ^ Carolyn Giardina (10 September 2020). "Industrial Light & Magic Expands Virtual Production Services, Supports 'Thor 4'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  35. ^ "Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "Congratulations to @topgunmovie "Maverick" on its six @theacademy nominations, including Best Visual Effects and Best Picture! It was an honor for @luxmc_ to be part of such an iconic project by providing in-camera virtual backgrounds and working closely with "Maverick's" overall VFX supervisor Ryan Tudhope and Director of Photography @claudiomirandadop We are thrilled at how much the fans, the critics, and now the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences have responded to the film. The Oscars will be handed out Sunday, March 12, 2023. Get your popcorn ready! (@luxmc_ is part of @nep_group) #vfx #visualeffects #luxmc #awards #oscars #nominations #academy #topgun #NEP #NEPVS #topgunmaverick #sequel #ICFVX #film #photography #directorofphotography"". Instagram. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  36. ^ Villaverde, Noah (8 June 2022). "'Black Adam' Director Talks Using Lucasfilm's Volume & Other New Tech". Heroic Hollywood. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  37. ^ Kadner, Noah (24 April 2023). "Virtual Production—When The Fabelmans Met The Mandalorian". Frame.io Insider. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  38. ^ "Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "Wishing Eddie Alcazar the best of luck as he heads to #Sundance to premier his newest film "Divinity." A portion of the film was shot using the #LuxMC LED volume, and Junaid Baig, VP of Research & Development for #NEPVS, used AI to provide slow motion footage of already animated stop motion sequences on the film."". Instagram. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  39. ^ Erao, Math (17 May 2021). "Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania Director Shares Photo From The Mandalorian's Virtual Set". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  40. ^ Couch, Kim Masters, Scott Feinberg, Aaron; Masters, Kim; Feinberg, Scott; Couch, Aaron (9 January 2023). "Francis Ford Coppola's 'Megalopolis' in Peril Amid Ballooning Budget, Crew Exodus (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 4 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  41. ^ "Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "What does it take to make an award winning film? We're glad you asked! Watch the new behind the scenes video and find out how the creative artists were able to seamlessly blend live action video with stop-motion for @eddiealcazar 's #VimeoBestOfTheYear award-winning short film "The Vandal." In "The Making of The Vandal," you'll see how we used our #LUXMC LED stage and interactive lighting sources for the miniature photography. Watch "The Making of The Vandal" via the link in our bio."". Instagram. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
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